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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

1. India’s Ministry of Textiles has further extended the timeline for the implementation of the Medical Textiles (Quality Control) Order, 2023. The new deadline is now 1st January 2025, for disposable baby diapers, sanitary napkins, reusable sanitary pads, and period panties. Earlier, the implementation date was 1st October, 2024.
Source: bit.ly/3Afz4rd

2. India’s Subject Expert Committee (SEC) has granted permission to a leading pharma company for importing and marketing the drug for a rare blood disorder, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), in India by waiving the requirement to conduct local clinical trials. The proposal was presented before SEC and SEC noted that the drug is approved in 35 countries including the US, European Union, Japan, and others and eventually agreed for a local clinical trial waiver.
Source: bit.ly/3BZ2MkU

3. India’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry is reportedly providing a significant boost to exporters through launch of new online portals like “Jan Sunwai” and “Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).” These initiatives aim to reduce bureaucratic hurdles, enhance transparency, and facilitate smoother operations, ultimately leading to faster resolutions of trade issues.
Source: bit.ly/3Aeyl9N

4. The India Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, attended a Joint Working Group Meeting with national regulatory authorities from Bhutan, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nepal, the Solomon Islands, and Sri Lanka. The meeting focused on strengthening pharmacopoeial cooperation and establishing an annual forum for ongoing cooperation.
Source: bit.ly/3A1eY43

5. India’s Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP) has recently rejected the review applications from five major pharmaceutical companies, upholding the ceiling prices set for various strengths of the modified release (MR) formulations of the high blood pressure drug metoprolol. The companies argued that the pricing authority erred in its calculations by combining both the plain and modified release formulations of metoprolol 25 mg and 50 mg tablets. They pointed out that the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022 does not include the modified release forms of metoprolol. However, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) contended that in the absence of specific mention of any variant, these formulations can be considered alongside the conventional formulations.
Source: bit.ly/3AaMHYJ

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

1. Export samples of “Cough Syrup” under HSN code 3004 has been exempted from testing by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) provided they are being exported to or are manufactured at a plant/section which is approved by the regulatory agencies of USA, UK, Canada, European Union, Japan, Australia, Singapore, Republic of Korea and Switzerland.
Source: bit.ly/3YeH6tI

2. India’s Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP) has recently rejected the review application of a leading pharmaceutical company and upheld the action of NPPA in fixing the ceiling price of the subject formulation. DoP stated that all modified release formulations of a drug that were mentioned in National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM) 2011 – Schedule I of Drugs Price Control Order, 2013 (DPCO, will be included in the NLEM 2015 – Schedule I of DPCO even though not specifically mentioned in NLEM 2015. It may be worth noting that, NLEM 2022 unlike NLEM 2015 specifically mentions that all modified release formulations of drugs specified in the NLEM list of 2022 will be regulated as scheduled formulations.
Source: bit.ly/3NzW73a

3. Goods and Service Tax (GST) on life and health insurance premiums by senior citizens may reportedly be exempted from GST irrespective of the coverage amount. Group of Ministers (GOM) to submit its report on the GST rates on life and health insurance premiums to the GST Council by October end of this year and final decision will be taken by the GST Council.
Source: bit.ly/3Nxr1cr

4. India’s pharmaceutical exporters are waiting for a government response to their request for an exemption from the onerous payment conditions prescribed under Section 43B (h) of the Income Tax (IT) Act, 1961. They are advocating for a minimum 60-day credit period, which is in line with global market standards where credit terms frequently extend up to 120 days. According to section 43B (h), payments for goods or services must be cleared within 45 days of acceptance. Failure to comply within this period creates financial burden and prevents businesses from claiming these payments as tax deductions.
Source: bit.ly/3Nx3dFD

5. To streamline and modernize pharmaceutical export-related procedures, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has implemented an electronic Appendix 4H certificate filing system. The certificates which record the consumption and stock of duty-free imported or locally sourced raw materials under the Advance Authorization (AA) and Duty-Free Import Authorization (DFIA) schemes, are fully digitalized, as highlighted in Trade Notice No. 21/2024-25. Digital submission of these certificates is now mandatory for all pharma exporters.
Source: bit.ly/3YvCbES
Source: bit.ly/48fPe0g

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

1. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has waived off the registration fees of hawkers for the grant of registration certificate and renewal of registration certificate with effect from 28th September 2024. The registration certificate will now be issued for five years only. Previously an option for selection of validity from one to five years was available to the applicant.
Source: bit.ly/4dy8EyA

2. Drug manufacturers submitting false or misleading information may reportedly face legal action from the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI). As of now, the Drugs Rules, 1945 contains no provision addressing the problem of providing false, falsified, or misleading information for receiving regulatory approvals. As per the plan, the applicant may face debarment in addition to product suspension and cancellation for misleading the licensing authority.
Source: bit.ly/3Nh4D6V

3. An exemption has been granted for the generation of E-way bills for the transportation of job work, storage, and warehousing of goods, specifically turmeric, chilli (genus: Capsicum), and raisins, by the Maharashtra Government. This exemption applies on the condition that such goods are transported within the State of Maharashtra for a distance of up to fifty kilometers with no cap on consignment value.
Source: bit.ly/4dxlj4M

4. India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoH&FW) is reportedly considering a proposal to classify all antibiotics as ‘new drugs’ under the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019. The aim is to regulate all antibiotics centrally through Central Licensing authority (CDSCO) rather than by State Licensing Authorities. The proposal also seeks to amend labelling requirements under the Drugs Rules, 1945, to address the rising concern over Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), which has been highlighted as a global health priority.
Source: bit.ly/3ByExtw

5. Concerns over the potential harmful effects of hormonal contraceptives, particularly emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) or morning-after pills, have prompted India’s Central drug authority (CDSCO) to constitute an expert panel to discuss the possibility of requiring a doctor’s prescription before purchasing these drugs. The proposal to amend Drugs Rules is under examination by the three member committee constituted by CDSCO. As of now, hormonal contraceptives falling under Schedule K of the Drugs rules can be purchased without a prescription from a physician.
Source: bit.ly/4dFTXcT

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it

1. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) and India’s Central Drug Authority (CDSCO) have released Version 2.0 of the “Pharmacovigilance Guidance Document for Marketing Authorization Holders (MAHs) of Pharmaceutical Products” wherein they have extended the timelines to report non-serious adverse events within 90 calendar days from the previous proposed timelines of 30 days.
Source: bit.ly/4dctGCs

2. Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC), which advises the Central and State Governments on uniform implementation of drug laws in India, has reportedly advised all the State Licensing Authorities (SLA) to ensure that all applications are exclusively received and processed through the Online National Drugs License System (ONDLS) portal only.
Source: bit.ly/4ejO8Tr

3. The Federal Court of Australia has heavily penalized and ordered one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of medical devices for unlawfully supplying Infuse Bone Graft Kit without LT Cage. The Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) prevents the supply of Infuse Bone Graft Kit without LT Cage.
Source: bit.ly/3XChUMd
Source: bit.ly/4dlv5H1

4. The World Health Organization (WHO) has released guidance on best practices for clinical trials to improve the design, conduct, and oversight of clinical trials in countries of all income levels. The guidance provides recommendations to the national health authorities, regulatory authorities, funders, and others on how to facilitate clinical trials to generate evidence on health interventions in addition to practical concerns.
Source: bit.ly/47Fc0hI
Source: bit.ly/4ezzQxN

5. India’s Central Drug Licensing Authority has reportedly introduced new guidelines to lower the frequency of drug testing for imports from nations like the US, Australia, Japan, Canada, and the European Union, to one sample from every two years’ worth of consignments or one sample out of every 20 consecutive consignments, whichever occurs first provided the drug samples maintain a clean record with no quality failures in the last five years.
Source: bit.ly/3Bgacjo

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

 

1. India’s Director General of Foreign Trade has issued a Trade Notice, reducing the amount of export eligible for net-subvention to only Rs. 5 Crore for MSMEs till 30th September 2024, and Rs. 2.5 Crores for manufacturing exporters as calculated till 20th June 2024.
Source: bit.ly/3zsuYM8

2. The Supreme Court has issued Notices in connection with a Public Interest Litigation challenging the constitutionality of Rule 9(ii) of the Clinical Establishments Rules, which seek to introduce a price-control mechanism on the cost of healthcare treatment.
Source: bit.ly/3zqVx48

3. The Supreme Court has issued an Order recommending that the High Court of West Bengal may consider withdrawing the anticipatory Bail granted to an accused under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, and expressed that it was highly concerning that such anticipatory bail was granted.
Source: bit.ly/3BfCUAY

4. The State Drugs Controller of the State of Karnataka has announced that it will be using emergency medical tracking functions first introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, to keep track of analgesic medication to prevent their misuse.
Source: bit.ly/47DyH5Z

5. Starting from 19th September 2024, if the investigation of a complaint received by the Competition Commission has lead to it passing an order ex-parte, it shall be mandatory to give notice of said order and provide the impugned parties an opportunity to be heard.
Source: bit.ly/4e8jtIB

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

1. India’s Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has issued Environmental Compensation (EC) Guidelines to address non-compliance with Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) registration, labelling requirements, failure to fulfill EPR obligations, and non-filing of annual returns, among other violations under the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022. The guidelines outline formulas for determining Environmental Compensation (EC) in different cases of non-compliance with the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022.
Source: bit.ly/3ZkGVOe
Source: bit.ly/4ehqaI4

2. India’s Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)  has extended the availability of Instant (Tatkal) Food License and Registration nationwide, with the exception of Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya. Previously, this provision was limited to few states and Union Territories. The Instant (Tatkal) Food License and Registration provision came into effect on 31st August, 2024.
Source: bit.ly/3XGxBDo

3. India’s Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has notified amendments to various products, including Disposable Baby Diapers, Absorbent Cotton Gauze, Cotton Bandage Cloth, Sanitary Napkins, and Disposable Baby Diapers. All products imported, sold, or marketed in India must comply with these revised standards by 22nd February, 2025.
Source: bit.ly/4dZsFz8

4. India’s Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP) has issued a issued notification under Drug Price Control Order,2013 (DPCO) thereby extending the current ceiling price for orthopedic knee implant systems until 15th September, 2025.
Source: bit.ly/3Tn6ASI

5. India’s central drug regulator (CDSCO) has suspended the manufacturing and marketing license of a pharmaceutical company due to the false and misleading claims that its eye drops could augment near vision within 15 minutes and the company’s failure to address queries raised by the drug regulators concerning these claims.
Source: bit.ly/4e04yAn

6. India’s Supreme Court, while hearing a case on the ban of commercial surrogacy, observed that the interests of surrogate mothers must be safeguarded. The Court emphasized the need for a regulatory system like “surrogate banks” to ensure that surrogate mothers are not exploited and their rights are upheld.
Source: bit.ly/4gePgsS

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Readers, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

1. The Indian government has made it mandatory for students pursuing medical education in Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) to clear the National Exit Test (NExT) after graduation. This requirement will apply to medical graduates from the 2021-2022 batch.
Source: bit.ly/4egpEdy

2. India’s central drug regulator (CDSCO) has asked a pharmaceutical company to explain its claims that its eyedrops can augment near vision in 15 minutes and that it has received marketing approval from CDSCO.
Source: bit.ly/4eyIWLp

3. The Bombay High Court restricted the CEO of a leading e-commerce luxury brand from hiring individuals from another e-commerce beauty brand on grounds that the CEO was misusing employee personal data that it had access to when he was the Chief Business Officer of the rival e-commerce beauty brand.
Source: bit.ly/4glsuzN

4. India’s central drug regulator (CDSCO) has issued an order providing guidance for industry on Pharmacovigilance Requirements for biological products.
Source: bit.ly/4dVKiQ7

5. India’s Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has released a public notice amending the timeline for meeting the export obligation of drugs which have been imported from unregistered source.
Source: bit.ly/47qXv1a

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Can cooking oil be lawfully reused in India? An analysis of law and recent KFC case

Under Indian law, it is not unlawful to reuse cooking oil, provided certain conditions and thresholds are not crossed by food businesses. In this article, we will examine the thresholds and conditions associated with reusing cooking oil. We will also examine the Madras High Court order which protected a fast-food chain outlet against arbitrary action of suspension of license for reusing cooking oil.

Thresholds and Conditions for Reuse of Cooking Oil

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the regulatory body responsible for quality of food for consumers. It regulates the use and reuse of cooking oil and issues directions from time to time.

The FSSAI has recommended that “re-heating and reuse of oil should be avoided as far as possible”. It has further recommended that cooking oil should be reheated a maximum of three times, and that ideally it should be heated only once. However, these recommendations are for guidance only are not binding on food businesses.

The only legal restriction on reusing vegetable cooking oil is that the Total Polar Compounds (TPC) developed in cooking oil due to reheating cannot exceed 25%[1]. According to FSSAI, any cooking oil whose TPC content is more than 25% is unsafe for human consumption and is thereby prohibited for use.

In order to keep a check on TPC content in reused vegetable cooking oil, FSSAI has directed that food businesses using 50 litres or more of cooking oil per day to maintain records detailing oil usage, including type, quantity used and discarded, and disposal date. Such food businesses are required to dispose the used cooking oil (UCO) only to FSSAI-approved aggregators or collection agencies.[2]

Adding fresh cooking oil to used cooking oil

In 2019, FSSAI directed food businesses to ensure that used cooking oil should not be topped with fresh cooking oil.[3]

Legal consequences of reusing cooking oil

Any violation of the 25% TPC threshold limit may result in suspension or cancellation of food license[4], as well as imprisonment or fine.[5]

Madras High Court’s intervention in unlawful suspension of license for reusing cooking oil

In Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, the FSSAI through Tamil Nadu Food Safety and Drug Administration Department (“Department”) suspended (i.e. temporarily cancelled) the license of one Kentucky Fried Chicken (“KFC”) outlet on grounds that it was reusing cooking oil and was adding a filtration agent, namely Magnesium Silicate Synthetic (“MSS”), to the cooking oil.

KFC challenged the suspension before the Madras High Court. On review, the High Court found that prima facie Magnesium Silicate Synthetic (MSS) does not appear to be a banned substance. On the contrary, it is an approved filtration agent. The Court further observed that there is no legal bar on reusing cooking oil.

For these reasons, and also on account of the fact that the Department did not follow due process before suspending the license, the Court passed an interim order staying the suspension of license and allowed the KFC outlet to resume operations.

Can Magnesium Silicate Synthetic (MSS) be added to reused cooking oil?

Magnesium Silicate Synthetic is a food additive that is primarily used as an anticaking agent and as a carrier for flavours in different food items. The Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulation, 2011 limits the use of anti-caking agents in such cases where its use is specifically permitted.[6] Synthetic Magnesium Silicate (or Magnesium Silicate Synthetic) is recognized an additive that may be used as clarifying agents or filtration aid in edible oils[7] and therefore may be lawfully used as a filtration aid in cooking oil.

Conclusion

The controversy surrounding reuse of cooking oil by restaurants seem to be manufactured, since the law surrounding reuse of cooking oil is very clear – vegetable cooking oils may be reheated and reused so long as the TPC content in the cooking oil does not exceed 25%. It is, however, recommended that cooking oil should not be reheated more than three times, though following such recommendation is not a legal requirement.

 

[1] The Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) First Amendment Regulations, 2017, available at: https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Gazette_Notification_Quality_Vegetable_Oil_03_11_2017.pdf  and Section 2.3.15(8) of FSS (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulations, 2011, available at: 61f381c576d16SOP_Cooking_Oil_28_01_2022.pdf (fssai.gov.in)

[2] Direction under Section 16(5) of the FSS Act regarding disposal and collection of Used Cooking Oil, available at:  5c6271f25d447Direction_Reused_Cooking_Oil_07_02_2019.pdf (fssai.gov.in)

[3] Direction under Section 16(5) of the FSS Act regarding disposal and collection of Used Cooking Oil, available at: 5c6271f25d447Direction_Reused_Cooking_Oil_07_02_2019.pdf (fssai.gov.in)

[4] Regulation 2.1.8 (4) of the Food Safety and Standards(Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations, 2011, available at: https://www.fssai.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Licensing_Regulations.pdf

[5] Section 55, 57 and 59 of the Food Safety and Security Act, 2006 (“Act”), and Section 274, 275 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

[6] 3.1.7: Anticaking Agents: 1) Restriction on use of anticaking agents. No anticaking agents shall be used in any food except where the use of anticaking agents is specifically permitted. [Page 430, Part III, Section 4, the Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations of 2011].

[7]Direction under Section 16(5) of the FSS Act regarding compliance w.r.t. Processing Aids under Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations of 2011, available at:  https://fssai.gov.in/upload/advisories/2024/03/65f2d680c053cApproved%20direction%20under%20Section%2016_5%20regarding%20compliance%20w.r.t.%20Processing%20Aids%20under%20FSS_FPS&FA_Regulations_2011.pdf

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TOP 5 HEALTH LAWS AND POLICY UPDATES

Dear Reader, we are happy to share the most interesting legal and policy updates concerning health industry that we read today. We hope you enjoy reading it.

1. A leading pharmaceutical association reportedly has urged the Indian government to implement a predictable drug pricing policy by refraining from using Para 19 of the Drug Pricing Control Order, which gives power to the Government to cap prices of non-essential drugs and medical devices in public interest without advance notice.
Source: bit.ly/4dw7a8j

2. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) has held that doctors who have qualification of M.B.B.S, M.D. (medicine) are sufficiently qualified to treat ICU patients without requiring additional specialized intensive care training since no such training has been prescribed by National Medical Commission.
Source: bit.ly/3Yts4kh

3. Australia has approved the medical use of MDMA (Methylene Dioxy Methyl Amphetamine) and psilocybin for treating PTSD and depression. The drugs will be available under strict regulations, with treatments costing between A$15,000 and A$30,000, and with no current insurance coverage.
Source: bit.ly/46CttHg

4. India’s Central Food regulator, (FSSAI) has reintroduced restriction on re-using cooking oil that has developed total polar compounds (TPC) of more than 25% by adding fresh oil. Any cooking oil that has 25% or more content of TPC is not permitted to be used.
Source: bit.ly/4d8pvIT

5. India’s Department of Consumer Affairs has extended the last date for receiving public comments on the proposed amendment of rule 3 of the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodity) Rules, 2011 to 30th August 2024. The proposed amendment aims to close loopholes and ensure that all bulk packages are labelled clearly and consistently, just like retail products.
Source: bit.ly/4dgRE0n

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Madras High Court Greenlights Online Sale of Drugs and Medical Devices in India

online_sale_of_drug_and _medical_devices

Introduction

The Division Bench of Madras High Court in its recent order has confirmed that online pharmacies and online marketplaces of medicines and medical devices can continue to operate under existing law i.e. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945.

In doing so, the Court reversed the order passed by a Single Judge Bench of the same Court in 2018, which had effectively ordered e-pharmacies and e-marketplaces to stop business.

In this article, we will discuss the developments leading up to the recent Court order.

Background of 2018 court order banning online sale of medicines

On 17.12.2018, The Single Judge Bench of Madras High Court surprised e-pharmacies and e-marketplaces by ordering that till the Central Government did not publish rules for regulation of e-pharmacies, “the on-line traders are bound not to proceed with their on-line business in drugs and cosmetics.”

The rationale behind such an order was that without any proper framework regulating the online sale of drugs, there may arise chances of potential misuse of health and safety. The Court felt that amendments to the Drugs Rules, 1945 were necessary before allowing the online sale of drugs. The Court also directed the state government to notify the proposed Drugs and Cosmetics Amendment Rules, 2018 in the state Gazette, latest by 31.01.2019, for online sale of drugs within the state.

However, after passing the order, at the request of e-pharmacies and e-marketplaces, the Court decided to defer the implementation of the order until 20.12.2018 so that they could prefer an appeal against the order.

Ad-interim stay of 2018 order

The e-pharmacies and e-marketplaces preferred an appeal against the order of the Single Judge, on 02.01.2019 the Division Bench temporarily stayed the operation of the Single Judge Bench.

The Bench felt that a sudden ban would disrupt access to medication for those who relied on online pharmacies, particularly for home deliveries. However, the Division Bench agreed with the Single Judge Bench on the need for appropriate regulation for the online sale of drugs and directed the Central Government to finalize a framework for the regulation of online sale of drugs.

Reversal of 2018 order

The Division Bench has now passed a final order in the appeal. It has explicitly allowed the online sale of drugs, with a condition that any online sale of drugs must be routed through licensed druggists and chemists only.

In doing so, it has endorsed the lawfulness of operation of e-pharmacies and e-marketplaces, which are currently doing business through dealers and retailers who have a license for sale or distribution of drugs under Drugs Rules, 1945.

The Court decided to dispose of the appeal primarily on the grounds that the Delhi High Court is already hearing a matter with identical issues and the Central government is in the process of preparing a new policy for the online sale of drugs.

Order from Delhi High Court

The Delhi High Court is currently hearing a batch of writ petitions in which the petitioners have challenged the legality of the online sale of drugs and medical devices. Unlike the Madras High Court, the Delhi High Court has never held that the online sale of medicines is bad in law. The Delhi High Court has always maintained a position that the online sale of medicines and medical devices by licensed retailers is not unlawful. However, the Delhi High Court has time and again expressed concerns that the Central Government is yet to finalize a framework for the regulation of online sale of drugs and medical devices, despite the fact that the draft rules for the regulation of online sale of drugs were published in 2018 for comments and the Central Government has already received comments. The Court has now given the Central Government a last opportunity to put in place a policy framework for online drug sales by July 2024.

Conclusion

The order of the Madras High Court is welcome as it removes the ambiguity that existed in relation to the legality of the online sale of drugs and medical devices. Now, the fate of e-pharmacies and online marketplaces for medicines and medical devices is inextricably linked to the outcome of the petition filed in the Delhi High Court and the decision of the Central Government to introduce (or delay the introduction of) a framework for online sale of drugs and medical devices.